When should a healthcare provider use a bag-valve mask (BVM)?

A bag-valve mask (BVM) is utilized when positive-pressure ventilation is needed for a patient who is not breathing adequately. This is typically indicated in situations where spontaneous breathing has ceased or is insufficient to maintain adequate oxygenation and ventilation. By using a BVM, the healthcare provider can effectively deliver oxygen-rich air to the patient's lungs, which is crucial in emergency settings like respiratory distress or cardiac arrest.

When a patient is not breathing adequately, relying on their own respiratory drive may not provide sufficient oxygenation to vital organs, making it essential for healthcare providers to intervene with the BVM to improve the patient's respiratory status. The ability to provide adequate tidal volume through the bag-valve mask can help restore normal ventilation and support the patient until further advanced care can be provided.

In contrast, deploying a BVM on a fully conscious patient wouldn't be appropriate since they would likely be able to protect their airway and breathe independently without the need for assisted ventilation. Similarly, using a BVM for minor injuries may not be necessary, as minor injuries may not impair the patient's ability to breathe adequately. Lastly, using a BVM while performing CPR without chest compressions does not follow the proper sequence of resuscitation, where both compressions and ventilations are